Articular degeneration after subchondral cementation for giant cell tumors at the knee

PurposeTo quantify joint degeneration and the clinical outcome after curettage and cementation in subchondral giant cell tumors of the bone (GCTB) at the knee.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 consecutive patients (seven female, seven male) with a mean age of 34 years (range 19–51) who underwent curettage and subchondral cementation for a biopsy-confirmed GCTB at the distal femur or the proximal tibia between August 2001 and August 2017, with a mean follow-up period of 54.6 months (range 16.1–156 months). The Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS), Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification, and Musculo-Skeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score were assessed.ResultsRadiological degeneration progressed from preoperative to the latest follow-up, with a median WORMS from 2.0 to 4.0 (p = 0.006); meanwhile, the median KL score remained at 0 (p = 0.102). Progressive degeneration (WORMS) tended to be associated with the proximity of the tumor to the articular cartilage (mean 1.57 mm; range 0–12 mm) (p = 0.085). The most common degenerative findings were cartilage lesions (n = 11), synovitis (n = 5), and osteophytes (n = 4). Mean MSTS score increased from 23.1 (preoperatively) to 28.3 at the latest follow-up (p < 0.01).Seven patients (50%) were treated for a local recurrence, with six revision surgeries performed. Removal of the cement spacer and filling of the cavity with a cancellous autograft was performed in seven patients. Conversion to a total knee arthroplasty was performed in one patient for local tumor control.ConclusionsCementation following the curettage of GCTB around the knee is associated with slight degeneration at medium-term follow-up and leads to a significant reduction in pain. Removal of the cement and reconstruction with an autograft may be beneficial in the long term.     

Guided biopsy of osseous pathologies in the jaw bone using a 3D-printed,tooth-supported drilling template

Suspicious radiological findings in the jaw bone require histopathological examination for the confirmation of a diagnosis. As pathologies in this region are difficult to reach or are in close proximity to relevant anatomical structures, e.g. tooth roots or nerves, they often represent a challenge. Such factors may adversely affect the predictability of the surgical outcome of a biopsy of the osseous tissues. This technical note introduces a novel method for performing a digitally planned, guided biopsy. For this purpose, a cone beam computed tomography scan and an intraoral scan are superimposed using specific planning software. The resulting three-dimensionally printed, tooth-supported drilling template is designed for a trephine biopsy. It allows a precise, minimally invasive approach, with an exact three-dimensional determination of the biopsy location prior to surgery. The risk of devitalization of the neighbouring teeth or possible damage to the nerve structures can be minimized. Furthermore, a small access flap can be sufficient. In summary, the method of bone biopsy presented here allows high precision and greater predictability for biopsy sampling and is minimally invasive for the patient.     

微创钻孔引流术联合加速康复外科理念在脑出血治疗中的应用

目的 研究探讨微创钻孔引流手术联合加速康复外科（ERAS）理念在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的临床效果。方法 选取2019年4月—2020年6月该院收治的高血压脑出血（出血量30~50 mL）患者80例，采用随机数表法分为传统围手术期组（微创钻孔引流手术加传统围手术期方案）和ERAS围手术期组（微创钻孔引流手术加ERAS理念方案），各40例，记录两组患者术后不良反应、并发症及血清学指标等情况。结果 ERAS围手术期组的颅内感染、肺部感染和尿路感染发生率低于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。与传统围手术期组相比，ERAS围手术期组患者监护室住院时间更短，住院费用降低（P<0.05）。ERAS围手术期组的Barthel指数（BI）评分和欧洲卒中量表（ESS）评分均优于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。ERAS围手术期组术后第3天的C-反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平低于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。两组的手术切口愈合情况、手术时间及术后再出血方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 微创钻孔引流联合ERAS理念能减少患者术后应激，可加快恢复速度，减少脑出血患者的并发症，安全有效。     

旋转地质导向技术在钻探哈得油田薄砂层油藏中的应用

塔里木哈得油田多采用双台阶水平井钻井,主要难题为常规钻井技术井眼轨迹控制难,储层钻遇率低,钻井周期长。1m厚薄砂层油藏未能实现有效开发,东河砂岩水窜严重,油水分布混乱,影响后期开发效果。针对以上难题,在哈得油田钻井中引进旋转地质导向技术,与常规技术相比应用效果良好,平均储层钻遇率由55.43%提高至87.84%,平均单井日产量提高1倍,单井水平段节约钻井工期15d,成功地解决了薄油层钻井储层钻遇率低、钻井施工进度慢等难题。     

Dynamics of implant site preparation affecting the quality of osseointegrated implants in the maxillary aesthetic zone

PurposeThis study compared piezoelectric (PE) and conventional drills (CD) for maxillary aesthetic zone implant insertion.Material and methodsThis was a prospective split-mouth study. Implants were divided into two groups. Beds were prepared with CDs in group I and PE in group II. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) of the mechanical implant stability (MIS) was measured intraoperatively. The ISQ of the biological implant stability (BIS) was recorded at postoperative second and fourth months. Marginal bone loss (MBL) and bone density (BMD) were measured in the first and second years after prosthetic loading. The osteotomy time was also documented for both techniques. P values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsSixty implants in 30 patients were included. PE provided a significantly higher ISQ. All values were above 70 throughout the follow-up period. The mean of the ISQ for MIS was 63.78 ± 1.03 and 73.89 ± 1.05 in group I and group II, respectively (p = 0.003). PE needed significantly longer osteotomy time with a mean of 11.99 ± 0.839 min. The BIS quality had high stability in group II and medium stability in group I throughout the study period. Its values decreased in both groups. Group II had a lesser percentage of decrease. However, it was significant only at time intervals between intraoperative and two months' postoperative (p = 0.004). MBL and BMD demonstrated insignificant results.ConclusionThe implant site preparation with PE devices should be preferred to CDs whenever possible, because they seem to enhance implant stability and osseointegration, especially at the initial stages of healing.     

机器人辅助下钻孔减压治疗股骨头坏死与传统手术的对比

文题释义：股骨头缺血性坏死：由创伤性和非创伤性原因引起的股骨头病变的病理过程，临床以髋关节疼痛、功能障碍为主要表现。此病病程长、预后差，易引起股骨头塌陷，引起髋关节退变，股骨头坏死早期可行钻孔减压治疗，后期需要行全髋关节置换。 钻孔减压：即髓芯减压，是在1964年由Arlet和Float首创，空心钻头在克氏针的引导下沿克氏针由股骨大转子外侧向股骨头坏死区域定位，到达股骨头皮质下方。股骨头中间形成孔道使股骨头起到减压的效果。背景：为了延缓早期股骨头坏死的进一步加重，股骨头钻孔减压是一种较好的治疗方法，但传统股骨头钻孔减压手术创伤大。 目的：对比机器人辅助下钻孔减压治疗股骨头无菌性坏死与传统手术疗效的差异。 方法：纳入40例行股骨头无菌性坏死钻孔减压患者进行回顾性对比分析，根据治疗方案分为2组。机器人组在机器人辅助下对18例(26个股骨头)进行股骨头钻孔减压治疗，其中FicatⅠ期13例(18个股骨头)，FicatⅡ期5例 (8个股骨头)；传统手术组共22例患者(29个股骨头)，其中FicatⅠ期15例 (19个股骨头)，FicatⅡ期7例(10个股骨头)。对比2组患者的手术切口、术中透视次数、术中出血量、术中穿刺次数及手术时间，术前及术后1，3，6个月根据Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果与结论：①所有患者均随访6个月以上；②机器人组术中切口长度、术中出血量、透视次数、术中穿刺次数、手术时间均优于传统组，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；③2组患者术后1，3，6个月Harris评分相比差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；④提示与传统术式相比，机器人辅助下钻孔减压治疗股骨头无菌性坏死的疗效方面并未见明显优势，但其手术切口小，术中透视次数少，创伤小，操作更加安全微创。 ORCID: 0000-0002-1809-7037(罗进) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Microbiological analysis of autologous bone particles obtained by low-speed drilling and treated with different decontamination agents

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three agents – two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin) and an antiseptic (chlorhexidine) – to decontaminate bone grafts obtained by low-speed drilling. The study included 248 bone tissue samples harvested from 62 patients by low-speed drilling before dental implant placement. Each of four samples obtained from every patient was dropped, using a sterile instrument, into a sterile tube containing a 500-μl solution of 400 μg/mL amoxicillin, 150 μg/mL clindamycin, 0.12% chlorhexidine, or physiological saline for 1 min. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined at 48 h of culture. The use of clindamycin, amoxicillin, or chlorhexidine as decontaminant for 1 min significantly reduced the CFU count when compared to physiological saline (control agent). In both anaerobic and CO₂-rich atmospheres, significant differences in CFU/mL were found between the control and chlorhexidine groups (P < 0.001), control and amoxicillin groups (P < 0.001), control and clindamycin groups (P < 0.001), chlorhexidine and amoxicillin groups (P < 0.0001), and chlorhexidine and clindamycin groups (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, clindamycin had the highest decontaminating effect on bone particles obtained by low-speed drilling, followed by chlorhexidine and amoxicillin. Clindamycin may therefore be a valid alternative option for the routine decontamination of intraoral bone grafts.     

改良置管法在慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术中的应用

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨改良置管法在慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术中的应用效果。 方法：选取中山市东凤人民医院 2019 年 3 月至 2020 年 7 月期间收治的 60 例慢性硬膜下血肿患者,均行钻孔引流术治疗,采用电脑随机分组法将其分为对照组与 观察组,各 30 例。对照组应用传统钻单孔冲洗引流排气法,观察组应用改良置管排气法,比较两组患者的手术治疗情况、 颅内积气、感染发生情况和引流情况,术后 3 个月统计复发率。 结果：观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组,差异具有统计 学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。观察组患者的颅内积气、 颅内感染发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者术后 1 d、2 d 的引流管通畅比例高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。术后 3 个月,观察组复发率为 6.67 %（2/30）,低于对照组的 26.67 %（8/30）,差异 具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：在慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术中应用改良置管法能够有效减少颅内积气、感染事件, 维持引流管通畅,缩短患者术后恢复时间,降低复发风险。